Days of the week
Arabic · Key Stage 2 · The School
Numbered days
الأَحَد Sunday, literally 'the first'. الاِثْنَيْن Monday, 'the second'. الثُّلاثاء Tuesday, 'the third'. الأَرْبِعاء Wednesday, 'the fourth'. الخَميس Thursday, 'the fifth'. Five days, and the pattern already carries you most of the way there.
The two days that break the pattern
الجُمُعة Friday comes from a word meaning 'gathering' — the day of the congregational prayer, not a number at all. السَّبْت Saturday comes from the same root as 'sabbath', rest. Two days named for what they ARE, five named for where they fall.
Spotting the number inside the name
Once you know أَحَد, one, and اِثْنَيْن, two, ثُلاثاء shares its root with ثَلاثة, three, أَرْبِعاء with أَرْبَعة, four, and خَميس with خَمْسة, five — the numbers you already learned for counting are hiding inside the day names.
Saying which day
يَوْمَ الأَحَد — on Sunday. المَدْرَسة يَوْمَ الاِثْنَيْن — school is on Monday. Add يَوْمَ, 'day of', before any day name to say when something happens. Try it with your own weekly routine: pick a day, add yawma, and say what happens then.